Your Guide to Understanding Cataracts

April 30, 2025

As we age, our vision naturally changes, but some changes may indicate an underlying condition that requires medical attention. One of the most common eye conditions affecting millions of people, especially those over 60, is cataracts. Cataracts can cause blurry vision, increased sensitivity to light, and difficulty seeing at night. While this condition can be frustrating, the good news is that it is treatable. Understanding cataracts, their symptoms, and treatment options can help you take proactive steps toward maintaining clear vision.

What Are Cataracts?

A cataract occurs when the normally clear lens of the eye becomes cloudy, leading to a gradual decline in vision. This clouding happens due to the clumping of proteins in the lens, which prevents light from passing through properly. Over time, cataracts can worsen and significantly impact daily activities like reading, driving, or recognizing faces.

Common Symptoms of Cataracts

Cataracts develop slowly, and symptoms may not be noticeable at first. However, as they progress, individuals often experience:

Blurry or Clouded Vision – Objects may appear foggy or out of focus.

Sensitivity to Light – Bright lights, headlights, or glare may seem overwhelming.

Difficulty Seeing at Night – Reduced vision in low-light conditions can make driving at night challenging.

Faded or Yellowed Colors – Colors may not appear as vibrant as they once did.

Frequent Prescription Changes – You may need new glasses or contact lenses more often than usual.

If you are experiencing any of these symptoms, it's important to get a comprehensive eye exam to determine whether cataracts are the cause.

What Causes Cataracts?

Several factors can contribute to the development of cataracts, including:

Aging – The most common cause, as proteins in the lens break down over time.

Genetics – A family history of cataracts may increase your risk.

Medical Conditions – Diabetes, hypertension, and certain medications (such as steroids) can contribute to cataract formation.

UV Exposure – Long-term exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun can accelerate cataract development.

Smoking and Alcohol Use – Both have been linked to a higher risk of cataracts.

Treatment Options for Cataracts

Early-stage cataracts may not require immediate treatment and can sometimes be managed with stronger prescription lenses and improved lighting. However, when cataracts start to interfere with daily life, surgery is the only effective treatment.

Cataract Surgery

Cataract surgery is a safe and routine procedure where the cloudy lens is replaced with an artificial intraocular lens (IOL) to restore clear vision. The surgery is outpatient-based, meaning patients can return home the same day. Most people experience significant improvement in vision shortly after surgery.

Preventing Cataracts: Tips for Healthy Vision

While cataracts are often age-related, there are steps you can take to help slow their progression:

Wear sunglasses with UV protection to shield your eyes from harmful sun exposure.

Maintain a healthy diet rich in antioxidants, vitamins C and E, and omega-3 fatty acids.

Quit smoking and limit alcohol consumption to reduce cataract risk.

Schedule regular eye exams to monitor eye health and detect cataracts early.

Take the Next Step for Clear Vision

If you're experiencing symptoms of cataracts or want to ensure your eyes are in optimal health, now is the time to schedule an eye exam. At Harvey & Lewis Opticians, our experienced eye doctors provide comprehensive eye care and advanced diagnostic technology to assess your vision. With multiple convenient locations across Connecticut, we’re here to help you maintain healthy eyesight for years to come. Book your appointment today and take the first step toward clearer vision!